Masters of Scale is an original podcast hosted by Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn and investor at Greylock. In each episode, Reid shows how companies grow from zero to a gazillion, testing his theories with legendary leaders. Masters of Scale is the first American media program to commit to gender balance for guests.

Now: Season 2 of  Masters of Scale: Rapid Response! Real-time wisdom from leaders, to leaders, throughout the current crisis. Subscribe now.

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In this episode:

Great entrepreneurs aren't just product obsessed; they're impact obsessed. Rana el Kaliouby, co-founder and CEO of Affectiva, has spent most of her career thinking about how to project – and steward – the possible uses of artificial intelligence.

"I believe you're not just responsible for scaling your world-changing idea. You're also responsible for stewarding its development and wider use."

- Reid Hoffman

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“Almost everything in life is more complex than it seems at first blush.”

Adam Grant argues that recognizing what we don’t know is the key step on the road to insight, competitive advantage, and community peace.

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“Meditation gives you a choice: Do you really want to follow this next thought, wherever it leads?”

Reid Hoffman: “I believe managing your emotions is as critical as managing your business.”

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“Speed is about seizing a window of opportunity to make an impact.”

Reid Hoffman: “Being first to scale means being the one to set the game, set the rules, and set the standards.”

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“An asteroid hit the entire world and now we’re in a rebuilding phase.”

Reid Hoffman: “With crises, there is opportunity – and an opportunity to be great. And I’m delighted in all of you who choose that path.”

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“When it was clear where the world was headed, it seemed a logical step to start the business.”

Reid’s Theory: “I believe that onboarding is a hidden key to lasting success.”

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“Your brand has to be true. You cannot try to be everything to everybody or you’ll be nothing to nobody.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe that to scale a business, you’ll always need bridges – to new customers, new verticals and new markets. But for a bridge to last – it must be built from both sides.”

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“How can we create systems that give us more information to make slightly better decisions in a competitive environment?”

Reid’s theory: “I believe that in a crowded field – your competitive edge is in finding under-valued assets that others overlook.”

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“At one point, we thought, ‘Well maybe we should try some advertising.'”

Reid’s theory: “I believe you need to sell without selling. Great branding is about identity … and matchmaking.”

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“A neighborhood is much more than just residents.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe you should first be human. Building one-to-one connections with your customers isn’t fast — and it isn’t easy — but it can drive you to scale and more importantly, keep you there.”

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“If your beliefs and values are in tension with your business model, you’ve got a real problem.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe product-value fit is often more important than product-market fit. And finding it may require a pivot or two.”

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“Our goal is to be the best home for creators.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe that to navigate massive scale, you have to find – and keep – ‘true north.’ Establish clear landmarks that point to your founding principles. They’ll guide you when you’re at risk of losing your way.”

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“The first character I built was myself.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe that to build an authentic connection with your customers, you need to do some things that may feel artificial.”

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“People thought fitness was a dopey category where there’s been no capital and no innovation. And I would say, ‘Exactly.’”

Reid’s theory: “I believe you can clear a path to scale by converting skeptics to fanatics.”

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“Design your teams, your rituals, your systems. What do you want to encourage or discourage?”

Reid’s theory:

I believe you need to design rituals that will take you to scale and evolve with you. Fail to do this, and you may find the rituals that do emerge will hold you back.

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“We became mission-critical for any bank, insurance company, financial firm – a must-have, not a nice-to-have.”

Reid’s theory:

I believe you should strive to make your business a vitamin AND a painkiller.

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“When economies turn down, entrepreneurs turn up.”

Reid Hoffman answers your questions: How do you take smart risks, how can you be transparent – but inspiring – with your board, and what does the future of blitzscaling look like now?

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“The world’s going to throw a lot at you. The question is: What can you do to improve your company, your situation, your business?”

Reid’s theory: “I believe there’s no such thing as a crisis playbook. To survive a crisis, you have to double down on who you already are as a company.”

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“DonorsChoose was the first platform dedicated to crowdfunding.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe a scalable idea can start small – if you can leverage the small wins into a sense of greater purpose.”

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“There’s no magic fairy dust. I don’t have any superpowers. This is about systems and methods.”

Reid’s theory: “I believe that every business is an experiment. For the experiment to succeed, you need to test your hypothesis, measure the results, and follow wherever they lead.”

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“The new normal is not going to be the old normal.”

How do you find new markets when your old ones stall? How do you stay agile when your team is overwhelmed? Reid fields questions from Village Global.

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“This is not the best time to make a major life transition – but it is your time.”

New graduates are like entrepreneurs — standing on the edge of that cliff, ready to fly. But what if the blue skies and calm winds disappear?

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“People help us add languages to Duolingo, because we’re mission-driven and they really see that.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe crowdsourcing can scale your business in unexpected ways – as long as you perfectly align your mission with your crowd’s motivation.

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“How many lives can we touch and transform by the power of our performance?”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe you need an elevated mission – and everyday human contact – to unite a team.

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“My job is to make sure that the team feels like a family.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe you need an elevated mission – and everyday human contact – to unite a team.

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“A world where Bitcoin succeeds is more important than one where the internet succeeds.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe: The more revolutionary your product is, the more reassuring you have to be when you invite consumers on board.

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Scaling start ups ask Reid their questions.

Reid says:
“Always be a learn-it-all, not a know-it-all.”

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“Building a platform is the most valuable thing in the world.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe the secret to MASSIVE scale is compressed in three words: Be a platform.

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“The job of a leader is not to come up with solutions, it’s to define success.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe the best scale leaders must be able to zoom out high and wide AND zoom in close and detailed.

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Global entrepreneurs facing hyperfast growth ask Reid their questions.

Reid says:
“Blitzscaling is prioritizing speed over efficiency in an environment of uncertainty.”

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“Rent the Runway is very much a technology business and always has been.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe you need to master the business behind your business – it just might be the critical factor that lets you break out.

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“I thought: This plays to my strengths, plays to the values Melinda and I have. Let’s go build a team to go do that.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe that it’s not enough to just take advantage of inflection points in history – you have to accelerate those inflections if you want to achieve huge scale.

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“My thesis is, if you include everyone, you can fix nearly everything.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe that when faced with an impossible challenge, you should scout for someone who’s already solved it. Then help those inventors to keep inventing.

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“When you invest in people, you get greater output. That’s what I call the liberation of the spirit.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe every great founder has a second purpose, something outside their main business they’re trying to get done in the world.

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“You just want the best idea – wherever it comes from.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe disagreement is the wellspring of great ideas and great companies – but only if you harness the conflict constructively.

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“Managers tell people what to do. Leaders inspire them to do it.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe every leader has to create a drumbeat for their company. The more irresistible that drumbeat is to you, the more naturally your team will follow.

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“We knew: We’re going to do platforms – a computer on every desk.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe that it’s not enough to just take advantage of inflection points in history – you have to accelerate those inflections if you want to achieve huge scale.

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“I want to shoot for the stars. If I shoot away from here, I’ll get off the planet.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe you should never settle for a big opportunity when you can leverage it into something epic.

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“When you’re an entrepreneur, things come at you morning, noon and night. You have to be agile.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe that to scale a sustainable business, you need to combine patience, patience, patience – and move with explosive speed.

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“The key about speed is that it’s all relative to your competitors. It isn’t speed for its own sake – it’s speed to accomplish being the first to scale.”

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“If your playbook is the same as your competitors, you’re in trouble – because they’re just going to play your playbook with a lot more resources.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe you can leave overwhelming competition in the dust – but only if you know exactly what your advantage is.

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“The only way we will ever understand or benefit from the human genome is if we trust.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe gatekeepers aren’t an impediment that you should outwit, but an opportunity that you should embrace.

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“We weren’t trying to re-invent the wheel – we were just trying to reverse it.”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe the smallest feature can make – or break – your product. The challenge is recognizing the impact of that feature – and making sure it’s actually positive.

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“I had complete imposter syndrome. I had to say to myself: ‘You don’t have to know everything.'”

Reid’s Theory:
I believe it’s never too late to join the entrepreneurial party. Founding a business can be your second, third, or hundredth act.

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“A lot of conventional advice is pretty unhelpful. So in this episode, we wrote our own rules, based on the principles that really helped the guests on this show succeed.”

Reid says:
If you’re navigating a big life decision, this episode is for you.

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“Do the right thing, period. You know what that is.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe that every successful band of roguish pirates must transition into a disciplined navy.

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“I wanted to build something that would empower small businesses.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can bootstrap your way to scale, but you’ll have to catch the crest of multiple waves of good fortune.

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“Something closed feels very counterintuitive today – like a computer that’s not connected to the internet.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe no organization that’s entirely closed – or entirely open – can scale as successfully as an organization that combines both.

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“You’ve got to have the strength and the resilience to believe in yourself and take big risks.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe that the surest way to succeed is to take startling – yet intelligent – risks, again and again.

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“I think about management teams like solving a Rubik’s Cube.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you need a diverse portfolio of viewpoints to see the opportunities others are missing.

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“Masters of Scale creates a community of people all rowing in a similar direction while each rowing in their own direction – in order to make a great new future.”

June’s theory:
believe that to chart a truly epic journey to scale, you need to make everyone you enlist a hero. Not just in your story, but in their own.

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“Life is a team sport, not an individual sport. Once you start thinking that way, everything goes a lot better.”

June’s theory:
believe that to chart a truly epic journey to scale, you need to make everyone you enlist a hero. Not just in your story, but in their own.

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“We maniacally follow what our users are doing.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe customer feedback is the coiled spring that catapults your company forward. It will continually adjust your trajectory, while keeping you on target.

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“If you can inspire someone to give and then show them how their money traveled across the world and did good, you create this virtuous cycle.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe that great companies are built on great stories. And great stories are completely, transparently honest.

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“The best piece of advice I would give: Be incredibly authentic.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can marshal the power of millennials to grow your company, but you have to evolve with them — and help them evolve.

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“In five to ten years, your first employees will continue to uphold your company’s culture and value system.”

Reid’s theory:
The first 150 hires are your cultural co-founders. It’s up to you, the founder, to get every one right.

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“Culture is driven by language, and a company CEO is the shaman of the culture.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you must cast off received wisdom in order to revolutionize an industry.

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“I can trace back all my hiring mistakes to being tired. Nobody should interview while tired.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe that a founder who has pushed themselves too far, and is running on empty, becomes a liability—to themselves, their employees and their investors.

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“At the end of the day, it’s about trust. If you say what you’re going to do, and keep on doing that—you’ll do pretty well.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe that to quickly build the foundations of a long-term relationship, you have to find shortcuts to trust.

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“If you don’t change the service, you become less relevant. So, when you change it, how do you keep it feeling simple?”

Reid’s theory:
I believe simple ideas can soar to massive scale but only if you steer them to catch the prevailing winds.

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“I am really proud of the APM program. They’re such amazing individuals. But I don’t feel like I get to claim credit for their achievements. “

Reid’s theory:
I believe when you can’t find the right people to help your company scale, you have to make them.

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EPISODE 25

HOW TO KILL YOUR BAD IDEAS

Mark Pincus
Founder of Zynga

Cameo appearances: Andrea Jones-Rooy (FiveThirtyEight analyst), Matt Ruby (founder of Vooza)

Photography Courtesy of Mark Pincus

“I’ll try anything, and I’ll kill anything. And I’ll kill it quickly.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you have to be relentless about pursuing a big opportunity — and ruthless about killing your own bad ideas along the way.

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EPISODE 24

KEEP HUMANS IN THE EQUATION

Stacy Brown-Philpot
CEO of TaskRabbit

Cameo appearances: DeLashea Strawder (Mosaic Youth Theatre in Detroit), Whitney Johnson (Author, Build An A Team), Davette See (TaskRabbit Tasker)

Photography by Khaled Sayed

“The community of Taskers — they really take pride in the work that they do. Everybody seeks to get better at something.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can harness the power of the human cloud to solve almost any problem — as long as you keep “human” in the equation.

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EPISODE 23

HOW TO FIND YOUR BIG IDEA

Sara Blakely
Founder of Spanx

Cameo appearances: Andrés Ruzo (National Geographic Explorer), Michelle Lee (former director of the US Patent & Trademark Office), Linda Rottenberg (founder, Endeavor)

Photography Courtesy of SARA BLAKELY

“Look at 15 things in your life. Write down how they could be better. You’ll have a big idea right there.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe there’s only one way to find your big idea: look for it, look for it, look for it. And then act.

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EPISODE 22

HOW TO DO GOOD — AND DO GOOD BUSINESS

Howard Schultz
Chair & former CEO of Starbucks

Cameo appearances: Leila Janah (Samasource, LXMI)

Photography Courtesy of Starbucks

“Starbucks is values-driven, and as a result of those values, we have become very profitable.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can scale positive social impact along with your business. But only if you’re as creative and cash-conscious about doing good as you are about your business itself.

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EPISODE 21

NEVER UNDERESTIMATE YOUR FIRST IDEA

Ev Williams
Co-founder of Medium & Twitter

Cameo appearances: Angela Duckworth (psychologist), Sheryl Sandberg (Facebook)

Photography by Christopher Schodt

“Don’t feel fatigued by repetition. Instead, celebrate your single-mindedness.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can never know the full reach of your first idea. It could span your entire career.

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EPISODE 20

HOW TO PRICE YOUR PRODUCT TO SCALE

Payal Kadakia
Founder & Chair of ClassPass

Cameo appearances: Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), Brian Chesky (Airbnb), Linda Rottenberg (Endeavor)

Photography courtesy of Khaled Sayed

“You have to know what it is about your service that your customers find invaluable.””

Reid’s theory:
I believe the price that bleeds your business may save your business.

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EPISODE 19

HOW TO BUILD YOUR COMPANY TO LAST

John Elkann
Chair of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Cameo appearances: Robert Pasin (Radio Flyer), Paulette Mae Cole (ABC Home & Carpet), Tony Tjan (Cue Ball)

Photography courtesy of John Elkann

“Forget being a Unicorn. Learn to be a Phoenix.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe you can scale a business that lasts a century or more — but you have to learn to rise and fall and rise again.

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EPISODE 18

HOW TO WIN USER LOVE

Sam Altman
President of Y Combinator

Cameo appearances: Dominique Ansel (Dominique Ansel Bakery), Aubrie Pagano (Bow & Drape), Sara Blakely (Spanx)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“The true seed of scale begins with a tiny kernel of die hard fans.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe it’s more important to have 100 people who LOVE your product than one million who just sort of like it.

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EPISODE 17

BUILD A MORE HUMAN INTERNET

Caterina Fake
Yes VC, Should This Exist?, Flickr

Cameo appearances: Joi Ito (past director, MIT Media Lab)

Photography courtesy of Caterina Fake

“In every kind of community — from a company to an online photo-sharing site — culture cements very quickly.”

Reid’s theory:
I believe every founder of an online community has a responsibility to shape the culture from day one, because the tone you set is the tone you’re going to keep.

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“I believe the essential skill set of a serial entrepreneur comes down to a simple habit: you have to learn to unlearn.”

Reid’s theory:
You have to frequently ask yourself, “Which of the old lessons have to be thrown out? And which things do I have to unlearn or learn anew?”

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EPISODE 15

INFINITE LEARNER

Barry Diller
Chair of IAC

Cameo appearances: Drew Houston (Dropbox), Alexa Christon (GE), and more.

Photography By Angelica Ekeke

“I believe there are no true ‘masters of scale.’ We are all, at best, infinite learners.”

Reid’s theory:
Almost every scalable idea forces you to grapple with an emerging phenomenon. Everything around you is changing — your business, your market, your team.

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EPISODE 14

THE BIG PIVOT

Stewart Butterfield
Co-founder of Slack, Flickr

Cameo appearances: Tim Lefler (Slack)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“You can pivot from failure to success, but only if you slash and burn the rest of your business.”

Reid’s theory:
There’s more to a pivot than a sharp left turn. First, there’s the opportunity you’re pivoting toward. Can you see it clearly enough to navigate toward it? Can you convince others to come along?

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EPISODE 13

LOOK SIDEWAYS

Diane Greene
Co-founder of VMWare

Cameo appearances: Chris Costa (Victorinox)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“Scaleable ideas often come at you sideways.”

Reid’s theory:
Quiet conversations are critical for ideas that come at you sideways. You ask ‘Are you seeing what I am seeing?’ Your own vision gets sharper.

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EPISODE 12

Escape The Competition

Peter Thiel
CEO of PayPal

Cameo appearances: Darryl Woodson (USATF Track Coach), Natasha Hastings (Olympic champion), Umber Ahmad (Ma Zeh Dar Bakery), Brian Chesky (Airbnb)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“Your goal is not to beat the competition. Your goal is to break free of competition entirely.”

Reid’s theory:
If you really want to scale a business, escape the competition. Change the playing field.

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EPISODE 11

Let Fires Burn

Selina Tobaccowala
CEO of Evite, Gixo

Cameo appearances: Cheryl Kellond (Apostrophe, Inc.), Brian Chesky (Airbnb), Lisa Curtis (Kuli Kuli), Hadi Partovi (Code.org), Jerry Chen (Greylock Partners)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“I believe smart managers know when to let fires burn.”

Reid’s theory:
The best entrepreneurs? They let fires burn. Knowing which problems not to solve is just as critical as knowing which problems must be solved.

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EPISODE 10

The Next Silicon Valley Is...?

Linda Rottenberg
CEO of Endeavor

Cameo appearances: Kristen Marhaver (TED, CARMABI), Sam Altman (Y-Combinator), Juliana Rotich (Ushahidi), Yossi Vardi (investor), Andrew Ng (Baidu)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“There will soon be contenders to Silicon Valley, especially in … China.”

Reid’s theory:
Today, no region can match Silicon Valley’s collective wisdom for scaling a business. But — from Buenos Aires to Boston, Tel Aviv to Shenzen — there are fledgling startup scenes that could ultimately give Silicon Valley a run for its money.

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EPISODE 9

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF STARTUP SUCCESS

Tim Ferriss
Author & entrepreneur

Cameo appearances: Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), Brian Chesky (Airbnb), Linda Rottenberg (Endeavor)

Photography Courtesy of Tim Ferriss

“Follow these 10 commandments and you’ll be on your way to startup success, life success, as well as your hero’s journey.”

Reid says:
All of the advice I give entrepreneurs comes from lessons that I have personally learned.

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EPISODE 8

Culture Shock

Reed Hastings
CEO & Founder of Netflix

Cameo appearances: Jeff Weiner (LinkedIn), Aneel Bhusri (Workday), Margaret Heffernan (entrepreneur), Tristan Walker (Walker & Co.), Mariam Naficy (Minted)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“A winning culture only emerges when every employee feels they personally own the culture.”

Reid’s theory:
The company’s famous “culture deck” offers a 100-slide description of how Netflix sees itself — not a “family” but a high performing sports team. It won’t appeal to everyone — and that’s the point.

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EPISODE 7

Your Plan B Needs a Plan B

Nancy Lublin
CEO & Founder of Crisis Text Line

Cameo appearances: Sam Altman (Y-Combinator), Greg Baldwin (VolunteerMatch), John Lilly (Greylock Partners)

Photography By Christopher Schodt

“Sometimes entrepreneurs are written off as wacky visionaries. We can be more than that. We can be systems thinkers.”

Reid’s theory:
You should be bullheaded in your pursuit of a big idea, but always on the lookout for shortcuts.

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EPISODE 6

Innovation = Managed Chaos

Eric Schmidt
Former CEO of Google

Cameo appearances: Margaret Heffernan (Entrepreneur, CEO), Omid Kordestani (Twitter), Mark Pincus (Zynga)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“The smartest companies don’t tell their employees how to innovate, they manage the chaos.”

Reid’s theory:
Eric Schmidt—CEO of Google since 2001 and now Chairman of parent company Alphabet—shares the controversial management techniques he created to cultivate an environment of free-flowing ideas plus disciplined decision making that lead to breakthrough ideas.

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EPISODE 5

Lead, Lead Again

Sheryl Sandberg
COO of Facebook

Cameo appearances: Bill Gates (Microsoft, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), Margaret Heffernan (Entrepreneur, CEO), Selina Tobaccowala (Evite, Gixo)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“You have to be as skilled at breaking plans as you are at making them.”

Reid’s theory:
Great scale leaders know how to pivot. Every day, there are new competitors, new threats, new opportunities. There’s no simple, straightforward set of marching orders.

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EPISODE 4

Imperfect is Perfect

Mark Zuckerberg
Founder & CEO of Facebook

Cameo appearances: Kara Goldin (Hint), Susan Danziger (Ziggeo), Sheryl Sandberg (Facebook), Dick Stockton (Hall of Fame sportscaster)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“If you’re not embarrassed by your first product release, you’ve released it too late”

Reid’s theory:
Imperfect is perfect. Why? Because your assumptions about what people want are never exactly right. Most entrepreneurs create great products through a tight feedback loop with real customers using a real product. So don’t fear imperfections; they won’t make or break your company

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EPISODE 3

The Beauty of a Bad Idea

Tristan Walker
Founder & CEO of Walker and Co.

Cameo appearances by Kathryn Minshew (The Muse), Josh Kopelman (First Round Capital), Kara Goldin (Hint)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“The best business ideas often seem laughable at first glance.”

Reid’s theory:
If you’re hearing a chorus of “No’s” it may actually be a good sign… Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Airbnb — they all sounded crazy before they scaled spectacularly. So don’t be discouraged by rejection. Instead, learn to hear the nuance between the different kinds of “no.”

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EPISODE 2

The Money Episode

Mariam Naficy
Founder & CEO of Minted

Cameo appearances by Selina Tobaccowala (Evite, Gixo), Daniel Kahneman (Nobel Prize-winning psychologist)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“Always raise more money than you think you need.”

Reid’s theory:
Think you’ve raised enough money for your startup? Think again. You’ll have to run through a minefield of unexpected expenses. So always, always raise more money than you think you need.

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EPISODE 1

Handcrafted

Brian Chesky
Co-founder & CEO of Airbnb

With cameo appearances by Patrick Collison (Stripe), Nancy Lublin (Dress for Success)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

“In order to scale you have to do things that don’t scale.”

Reid’s theory:
If you want your company to truly scale, you first have to do things that don’t scale. Hand-craft the core experience. Serve your customers one-by-one. Then figure out how and what to scale.

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EPISODE 2

The Money Episode

With Mariam Naficy
Founder and CEO of Minted

Cameo appearances by Selina Tobaccowala (Evite, Gixo), Daniel Kahneman (Nobel Prize-winning psychologist) and more.

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

COMING MAY 10

IMPERFECT IS PERFECT

With Mark Zuckerberg
Founder & CEO of Facebook

Cameo appearances: Kara Goldin (Hint Water), Susan Danzinger (Ziggeo), Sheryl Sandberg (Facebook) and Dick Stockton (Hall of Fame sportscaster)

Photography By Jacqui Ipp

COMING SOON

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